Because, toxic wastes cannot be totally eliminated, the only option is to reduce, recycle, and treat waste.Īs a result, actions should be done to employ current technologies without endangering the environment. Industries are encouraged to produce less hazardous waste as part of the manufacturing process. Hazardous waste management must include more than just dumping it on the ground. The emphasis on hazardous waste management stems from an endeavour, to address possible dangers to public health and the environment. Microorganisms designed to target certain substances are sometimes put into waste streams.Ī biological treatment system's objective is to control the environment for microorganisms, so that their development and activity are promoted, as well as to provide a mechanism of maintaining high concentrations of microorganisms in contact with wastes. The microorganisms employed in a biological process are typically present in the incoming waste. Biological treatment of hazardous wasteīiological waste treatment is a catch-all phrase for techniques that use microorganisms, to breakdown organic pollutants into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic chemicals, or simpler organic molecules like aldehydes and acids. To break the chlorine bond, one of the techniques uses a metallic sodium reagent.Ĥ: Oxidation-reduction is a toxic waste detoxification process in which chemical bonds are destroyed, by the transfer of electronics from one reactant to the next. When the bed's ability to remove the component deteriorates, it can be regenerated with a caustic solution.ģ: De-chlorination is the removal of chlorine atoms from chlorinated substances, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The solution is poured through a resin bed, which exchanges ions for the removal of inorganic contaminants. This has shown to be an effective waste management method.Ģ: Ion exchange is a technique for removing ions originating from inorganic compounds from solutions. The following are a few chemical treatment activities that are often employed in waste treatment:ġ: Neutralisation is a procedure that uses acids and bases to create a neutral solution, to reduce the acidity or alkalinity of a waste stream. Chemical processes are appealing because they produce low air pollutants, can often be carried out on the waste generator's premises, and some processes can be planned and built as mobile units. Chemical treatment of hazardous wasteĬhemical treatment procedures change the chemical structure of waste elements, to produce a benign or less dangerous substance. As a result, dissolved components with low molecular weights will pass through the membrane with the bulk liquid, whereas higher-molecular-weight components will be concentrated due to solvent loss. There are numerous filter types designed to achieve varying degrees of separation.Ĥ: Reverse osmosis separates liquid stream components by exerting external pressure, to one side of a membrane, causing the solvent to flow in the opposite direction.ĥ: Ultrafiltration works in the same way as reverse osmosis, except the separation begins at higher molecular weights. To encourage the settling of fine particles, chemical coagulating agents are frequently applied.ģ: Filtration is the separation of liquids and solids using various porous materials. Sedimentation is normally performed by allowing enough time and space, for settling in specific tanks or holding ponds. The following physical processes are widely utilized in waste treatment operations:ġ: Screening is a method used to protect downstream pre-treatment systems, by eliminating particles from waste streams.Ģ: The process of removing suspended solid particles from a waste stream is known as sedimentation. Regardless, of the nature of the waste materials or the ultimate technology utilized for treatment or destruction, physical treatment processes are critical to most integrated waste treatment systems. These processes are extremely useful for separating hazardous materials from non-hazardous waste streams, in order for them to be treated in a more concentrated form, separating various hazardous components for different treatment processes, and preparing a waste stream for ultimate destruction in a biological or thermal treatment process. Let us understand the treatment of hazardous waste. Some amount of hazardous waste will always need to be treated, stored, or disposed of. Nonetheless, while reduction and recycling are desirable possibilities, they are not seen as the final solution to the hazardous-waste disposal problem. The most ideal option is to decrease waste at its source, or to recycle the materials for another useful purpose. There are several options for hazardous-waste management.
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